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Our Nickel Permalloy 80 EI output transformers ( %78 ) are custom made by SOWTER of the UK and come as standard with the 45 & 2A3 .
Above is a double stack 50/50 Nickel / M6 core
5Hz -120KHz -3dB with a 2A3
10Hz - 80 KHz with the 45 .
The Mumetal ( Perma 80 ) which has the property of minimal distortion and very high permeability even at very low excitation carries the low intensity and high frequency sounds. The M6 carries the full power base sounds. Multiple interleaved winding sections to maximize bandwidth and ensure clean transient response. Low copper resistance to minimize losses and maximize loudspeaker damping.( Sowter quote )
We also have full Nickel Permalloy 80 double stack for the Ultra Purists to take our listeners to the ultimate in listening experience .
Traditional Narrow Frame transformer clamps only allows for a single stack of Nickel limited to 2 -3 watts in this size and very little headroom at 20Hz .
NanoAT Parallel – Feed SE45 (50/50) explained - image from Sowter .
It is probably easiest to explain the SE45 / 2a3 (50/50) by extolling the merits of Parallel-Feed (PF) amplifiers compared to traditional Direct feed single output transformer amplifiers. To understand Direct Feed (DF).Direct Feed is when the DC current that biases the output tube runs through the output transformer. When the designer of the output transformer designs a DF output ( all Japanese SE AMPs ) this DC current is a close to saturating the transformer with DC and the AC has to ride over the top of this trying not to distort and remain at full bandwidth ,making the design complex, especially for Single-Ended designs.
Inductance for a Single Ended Amplifier is important especially for stability and bandwidth . Foer a good response the design of DF transformers must make acceptable inductance in the output transformer to load the the output tube. This makes the design complex because the amount of inductance required is a squared property of the amount of DC current, meaning that the transformer for a power of transformer and one that has twice as much power could be 4 times larger. This inductance also works against the designer for top end performance. The more inductance the more capacitance which kills the top end. The designer must make choices as to which variables they choose to get the best sound possible. What Parallel-Feed does is seperate the output transformer up into it's basic pieces. The choke can be designed separately from the output transformer, with much larger inductance , Coupling the two via a the PF Capacitor. The designer can now make each piece individually and optimise each part. The benefits from the PF design are more power and lower noise as well as better frequency response. The drawbacks are more parts, higher expense. and that coupling capacitor which must be of very good quality and optimised for bandwidth , ie a balance must be achieved which we have done well .
WE also use Silver Foil and Oil coupling Capacitors with this design to achieve 10Hz - 80kHz bandwidth .
Permalloy - Mu Metal is a specially processed 80% nickel-iron alloy. It is manufactured to develop the ultimate in high initial permeability and low losses. Initial permeability ranges from 40,000 to 100,000 while the coercive force is about 1/3 that of Square Permalloy 80. Mag-nc .com
Flux Density (T): 0.66 to 0.82 no other metal we have found matches this .
Permalloy has a lower hysteresis loss than HiB grain orientated steel allowing greater information retrieval from small signal inputs .
Essentially Nickel Permalloy when used in Audio transformer core has lower distortion properties and better at low level signal retrieval .
In essence a Sowter Nickel transformer in our findings has produced the most natural sound with amazing detail ,but never bright ! & Nickel C cores with Silver wire are astonishing no Wonder A/N Japan use them in the Ongaku .
We use them on request in all our Amplifiers .
Over the years we have used M19 , Amorphous , Nanocrystalline AKA Finemet , HiB / Super HiB grain orientated steel and now Nickel.
Famous brands we have had , Tango , Hashimoto, Tamura , Electra - Print and many custom designs and Permalloy Nickel Cores either C core or EI core have outshone all the others in terms of the most lifelike and natural sound of all we have encountered .
The frequency extension of Permalloy SOWTER transformer - ( 5Hz -120KHz -3dB ) in our 2A3 parafeed model is extraordinary and even more so with %100 Nickel Laminations .
If you then wind the Bobbin cores with Silver instead of copper the signal detail is even more enhanced as silver is %7 more efficient in conducting electrical signals than copper .
We would generally recommend Silver wire when using speakers of 96 dB/ 1 watt or more, then the significance of Silver really becomes much more noticeable .
MORE TO COME on our designs, parts used , driver tube findings and point to point wiring .
pre amp / driver tubes we have used to be reviewed in difference amplifiers , 12AY7 ,5751 , 5695, 12AX7 ,6SN7, 6SL7 ,( E180f, E280F C3g and 6E5P all in triode mode )
Power tubes 45,2a3 , 300B including Western Electric , KT66 , EL84 , PX4 , PX25 .6BX7 and WE421A used in Amplifiers I have built or had since the early 1990's .
We do not use the 211 tube as it was designed for high power transmitters not audio , the plate resistance is very high requiring many turns on the bobbin of the output transformer that can cause to much leakage inductance and distortion .
A 211 is very hard to get extended bandwidth even with the best transformers available .
Having over 1000 volts DC to run this tube, Corona effect due to moisture or dirt gathering is possible which can cause arcing ( sparks ) to the chassis .
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